Decarbonising the cement and concrete industry: A systematic review of socio-technical systems, technological innovations, and policy options

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

July 2023

This research focuses on the environmental challenges posed by the widespread use of concrete in construction, which contributes significantly to global CO₂ emissions. Concrete is valued for its durability and affordability but comes at an environmental cost, with cement production being a considerable source of emissions. This study reviews over 800 studies to offer insights into how the cement and concrete industry (CCI) can decarbonise. Adopting a socio-technical perspective, the research delves into the industrial and economic aspects of decarbonising cement and concrete production. It identifies key factors, including technical, economic, social, and political, that can drive a transition to a net-zero future in the CCI.

The findings highlight barriers and opportunities for CCI decarbonisation, outlining technologies and policies to mitigate environmental impacts. By assessing the existing literature, this study lays the groundwork for future studies and provides a valuable resource for addressing the urgent need to make the CCI more sustainable.