JOURNAL: Alternative maritime fuels for net-zero shipping: A comprehensive operational, techno-economic and regulatory review
Summary
Authors:
Nikolaos Diamantakis
Nikolaos Xynopoulos
Jil Sheth
John Andresen
Mercedes Maroto-Valer
Heriot-Watt University
Mare Nova Energia
Alternative maritime fuels for net-zero shipping: A comprehensive operational, techno-economic and regulatory review
Hydrogen
March 2026
As the shipping industry races to eliminate carbon emissions by 2050, choosing the right “green” fuel is a massive challenge. This research evaluates four main contenders: hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and LNG. The study reveals that there is no “one-size-fits-all” solution. Hydrogen is the cleanest but extremely difficult to store. Methanol is the most practical for short trips today, while ammonia shows promise for long-distance journeys. Success depends on more than just new engines, it requires global infrastructure, updated safety laws, and smarter ports. Ultimately, the best fuel choice depends on the specific route a ship travels.
Associated Research
This output is delivered in collaboration with CGI and Maritime UK as highlighted in the document, as part of the ‘MaritimeTwin: Maritime Emissions Reduction Through Digital Twin and Satellite Technology Integration’ Innovate UK project. MaritimeTwin project is part of the Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition Round 6 (CMDC6), funded by UK Government through the UK Shipping Office for Reducing Emissions (UK SHORE) programme in the Department for Transport.
