A Place-based, Just Transition framework can guide industrial decarbonisation with a social licence

Energy Research & Social Science

March 2025

This paper explores how energy-intensive industries such as steel, chemicals and cement can reduce carbon emissions in a way that is fair to workers and local communities. While policies emphasise rapid and cost-effective decarbonisation, there is little guidance on how to involve those most affected. The authors propose a Place-based Just Transition framework that synthesises findings from four IDRIC research projects and three under-connected research fields – Sense of Place, Just Transition, and Social Licence to Operate. This framework highlights seven key themes: ongoing processes; place sensitivity; genuine community engagement; localised benefits and fairness; trust, credibility and legitimacy; multi-level governance; and trade-offs and tensions. Based on insights from three UK industrial clusters, this paper identifies challenges such as expectations and resources. The framework aims to ensure that industrial decarbonisation is not just effective but also fair and inclusive.